Sodium and its Compounds

 

 

Sodium: A soft, silver-white metallic element of the first group of the periodic table, which rapidly oxidizes in moist air, occurring in nature only in the combined state, used in the synthesis of sodium compounds. Symbol Na.

 

 

Sodium amide: Na2NH2. It is a white, crystalline, water-insoluble, inflammable powder and it is used in the manufacture of sodium cyanide

 

Sodium ammonium phosphate: NaNH2HPO4 4H2O. A colourless, odourless, crystalline, water-soluble solid and it is originally obtained from human urine.

 

Sodium arsenite: NaAsO2. It is a white or grayish-white, water-soluble, poisonous powder, and it is used mainly in arsenical soaps as an insecticide and weed killer.

 

Sodium azide: NaN3. It is a white or colourless crystalline substance and it is used for the manufacture of explosives.

 

Sodium benzoate: C6H5COONa. A white crystalline or granular, water-soluble powder, used as a food preservative.

 

Sodium bicarbonate or Sodium acid carbonate: NaHCO3. It is a white crystalline water-soluble powder, usually prepared by the reaction of soda ash with carbon dioxide and it is used in the manufacture of sodium salts, beverages and as baking powder.

 

Sodium borate or Borax: Na2B4O7.H2O.It is a white, water-soluble powder or crystal, occurs naturally or obtaining from naturally occurring borates.

 

Sodium bromide: NaBr. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic, water-soluble solid, used chiefly in photography as a developer.

 

Sodium carbonate: Na2CO3.It refers to an anhydrous grayish white, odourless, water-soluble powder, usually obtained by the solvy process and containing about 1 percent of impurities consisting of sulphates, chlorides and bicarbonate of sodium, used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics etc.

 

Sodium chlorate: NaClO3. It is a colourless, water-soluble solid, cool and salt to taste, used in the manufacture of explosives and matches and as a weak antiseptic for skin and mucous membrane.

 

Sodium chloride: NaCl. A crystalline compound, occurring as a mineral and it is used in food.

 

Sodium citrate: Na3C6H5O7.2H2O. A white, crystalline or granular, water-soluble, odourless solid having a cool saline taste and it is used in photography, in soft drinks and in medicines.

 

Sodium cyanide: NaCH. A white, crystalline, deliquescent, water-soluble poisonous powder and it is prepared by heating sodium amide with charcoal.

 

Sodium cyclamate or Sodium cyclohexyl sulphamate: C6H11NHSO3Na.It is a white, cryatalline, water-soluble powder and it is used as a sweetening agent as in soft drinks for low calorie or diabetic diets.

 

Sodium dichromate: Na2Cr2O7.2H2O. It is a red or orange, crystalline, water-soluble solid and it is used as an oxidizing agent in the manufacture of dyes and inks.

 

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate or Sodium dihydrogen ortho phosphate: NaH2PO4. It is a white solid formed when a calculated amount of phosphoric acid is added to a solution of the common sulphate (Na2HPO4). It is readily soluble in water and it is used in baking powder.

 

Sodium ethylate or Sodium ethoxide: C2H5ONa. It is a white hygroscopic powder, which is decomposed by water into sodium hydroxide and alcohol and it is used in organic synthesis.

 

Sodium fluoride: NaF. It refers to a colourless, crystalline, water-soluble, poisonous solid used as an insecticide.

 

Sodium fluroacetate: FCH2COONa. It refers to a white, amorphous, water-soluble, poisonous powder and it is used for killing rodents.

 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate: NaHCO3. It is a white solid obtained by passing carbon dioxide through a cold solution of sodium carbonate. Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3.

 

Sodium hydrosulphite: Na2S2O4. It is a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder and it is used as a bleach.

 

 Sodium hydroxide: NaOH. It is a white, deliquescent, water-soluble solid, which upon solution in water generates heat and it is used in the manufacture of rayon, film, soap etc.

 

Sodium hypochlorate: NaOCl. It is a white, unstable crystalline solid, usually kept in aqueous solution and it is used in bleaching paper and as an oxidizing agent and fungicide.

 

Sodium hyposulphate or Sodium thiosulphate: Na2S2O3.5H2O. It is a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder and it is used as a bleach.

 

Sodium iodide: NaI. It refers to a colourless or white, crystalline, deliquescent, water-soluble solid and it is used in the manufacture of photographic emulsions and as a disinfectant in veterinary medicine.

 

Sodium metaborate perhydrate: NaBO2.H2O.3H2O. It is a colourless, crystalline salt having some what low solubility. It behaves like a mixture of borax and hydrogen peroxide. It gives oxygen on heating. Used in the preparation of disinfectant and in soap powder.

 

Sodium methylate: CH3ONa. It is a white, free flowing, inflammable powder, decomposed by water to sodium hydroxide and methyl alcohol, used in organic synthesis.

 

Sodium monoxide: Na2O. It is a white powder that violently reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide.

 

Sodium nitrate: NaNO3. It is a crystalline, water-soluble compound, which occurs naturally as Chile saltpeter and it is used in fertilizers and explosives.

 

Sodium perborate: NaBO2.H2O2.3H2O or NaBO3.4H2O. It is white, crystalline, water-soluble solid and it acts as a bleaching agent and disinfectant.

 

Sodium peroxide: Na2O2. It is a yellowish-white, hygroscopic, water-soluble powder, used as a bleaching agent and as an oxidizing agent.

 

Sodium Phosphate: NaH2PO4.It is a monobasic sodium phosphate; A white, crystalline, hygroscopic, water-soluble powder and it is used in electroplating. Na2HPO4; A water-soluble compound  used in the manufacture of ceramic enamels, baking powder etc. Its hydrated form  Na2HPO4.xH2O. Occurs as a clear colourless crystals, used in the manufacture of fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. Na3PO4.12H2O. Tribasic sodium phosphate; A water-soluble compound occurring as colourless crystals, used in the manufacture of detergents, paper etc.

 

Sodium polysulphide: Na2Sn. It is a yellow-brown, water-soluble, granular powder, used in the manufacture of insecticides and synthetic rubber.

 

Sodium propionate: CH3CH2COONa. It is a transparent, crystalline, water-soluble powder and it is used in medicine as a fungicide.

 

Sodium silicate: Any of several water-soluble compounds of formulas varying in ratio from Na2O.3.75  SiO2 to  2Na2O.SiO2. and occurring as white powders, as cloudy or clear, viscous to fluid liquids and it is used in printing and in the manufacture of paper and cement.

 

Sodium sulphate: Na2SO4. It is a white, crystalline water-soluble solid and it is used in manufacture of soaps, dyes, glass etc.

 

Sodium sulphide: Na2S. It is a yellow or brick red, crystalline, deliquescent, water-soluble solid, used in manufacture of soaps and rubber and in the floatation of lead and copper ores.

 

Sodium sulphite: Na2SO3. It is white, crystalline, water-soluble solid, used chiefly as a food preservative and it is used as a bleaching agent and as a developer in photography.

 

Sodium thiocyanate: NaSCN. It is a white powder or colourless deliquescent crystals and it is used in organic synthesis and in medicine in the treatment of hypertension.

 

Sodium thiosulphate: Na2S2O3.5H2O. It is a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder and it is used as a bleach.